Which vaccine you should go for ?
With the vaccination process being carried on in its full-throttle mode to eradicate Covid-19, a common question might arise, as to which Vaccine one should opt for… Here's a concised comparison of all the available options currently in the Indian market and the potential ones coming in near future.
Some important keywords and their meanings :-
A. CDSCO - Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation, which is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) of India, subjected to be as a regulatory body for pharmaceuticals & medical devices.
B. Vector - ( In Biotechnology ) Carrier / transporter.
C. Virulent Factors - Factors, molecules primarily, which enhance the effectiveness of the respective pathogen, causing it's serious symptoms.
D. Spike Protein - These are highly glycosylated & large type-1 transmembrane fusion proteins, which acts as spotters in case of Covid-19.
E. Secondary Humoral Immunity - It is the vigorous immune response of the body against the same pathogen after it has been already invaded.
F. Efficacy - Success rate of a drug.
G. Lymphadenopathy - Swollen lymph nodes
H. Anaphylaxis - A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
I. Thrombocytopenia - Low Platelets level
1. Covishield Vaccine / AZD1222 ( ChAdOx1 ) / The AstraZeneca model of Covid-19 :-
* Approved by - Drugs Controller General of India of CDSCO ( New Delhi )
* Developed by - Astra Zeneca ( Cambridge, UK ) & University of Oxford ( Oxford, UK )
* Manufactured by - Serum Institute of India ( Pune, India )
* Eligibility Criteria - Person should be of 18 y/o or above
* Who shouldn't get it - Person showing severe allergic response(s) from any of the ingredients after the 1st dose
* Ingredients - L-Histidine, L-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate,
Polysorbate 80, Ethanol, Sucrose, Sodium chloride, Disodium edetate dihydrate (EDTA) and water
* Mode of Vaccination - Intramuscular Injection ( IM )
* Mechanism - It's a ‘ Vector based Vaccine ’ containing ‘ Adenovirus ’ from Chimpanzees, which has been modified to weaken its ‘ Virulent Factors ’ . Then the gene(s) that code(s) for the ‘ Spike Protein ’ are then introduced into the genome of the adenovirus, which is transferred to one's body via vaccination.
On formation, these spike proteins ( now antigens ) are caught by body's muscle cells, called the ‘ Antigen Presenting Cells ’ . They sent a signal to the B - lymphocyte cells, which gets converted to Plasma cells.
These plasma cells not only generate the much anticipated ‘ Antibodies ’ but also maintain a memory of them for future interactions with the same, called the ‘ Secondary Humoral Immunity ’ .
* No. of doses required - 2
* Time interval between consecutive doses - 4 to 6 weeks
* Efficacy - 70% ( After 1st dose )
* Duration of protection from getting re-infecting - Unknown
* Side effects - Tenderness, pain, warmth, redness, itching, swelling or bruising at the site of Injection, feeling unwell, fatigue, chills / feeling feverish, headache, nausea, joint & muscular pain, feeling dizzy, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, excessive sweating, itchy skin / rash.
* Price per dose - ( In Delhi ) Rs 300 - Rs 400 by SII for states, while private hospitals are charging Rs 600.
* Availablity in India - Registeration via CoWIN portal.
* Additional info - Efficacy after 2nd dose is 90%
2. Covaxin / BBV152 / Indian Vaccine :-
* Approved by - Drugs Controller General of India of CDSCO ( New Delhi )
* Developed & Manufactured by - Bharat Biotech ( Hyderabad ) & Indian Council of Medical Research ( New Delhi )
* Eligibility Criteria - Person should be of 18 y/o or above
* Who shouldn't get it - Person showing severe allergic response(s) from any of the ingredients after the 1st dose and currently have an acute infection or fever.
* Ingredients - aluminum hydroxide gel, TLR 7/8 agonist (imidazoquinolinone) 2-phenoxyethanol and phosphate
buffer saline.
* Mode of Vaccination - Intramuscular Injection
* Mechanism - ‘ Attenuation ’ in which the virulence of a pathogen is reduced by heat or chemical killing, but still keeping it viable. In this, the same Sars-Cov-II virus has been used but after weakening it. Rest is similar to Covishield.
* No. of doses required - 2
* Time interval between consecutive doses - 4 weeks
* Efficacy - 81% ( After 3rd phase trials )
* Duration of protection from getting re-infecting - Unknown
* Side effects - Injection site pain, swelling, redness, itching, headache, fever, malaise / bodyache, nausea, vomiting, rashes
and severe allergic reaction.
* Price per dose - Rs 400 - Rs 600 by Bharat Biotech, while private hospitals are charging Rs 1200.
* Availability in India - Registeration via CoWIN portal
* Additional info - CDSCO has approved it for ‘ Restricted emergency use only. ’
3. Sputnik V / Gam-COVID-Vac / The Gamaleya Vaccine model :-
* Approved by - Drugs Controller General of India of CDSCO ( New Delhi )
* Developed & Manufactured by - Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology & Microbiology ( Moscow, Russia )
* Eligibility Criteria - Person should be of 18 y/o or above
* Who shouldn't get it - Person showing severe allergic response(s) from any of the ingredients after the 1st dose
* Ingredients - Tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, Sodium chloride, Sucrose, Magnesium Chloride hexahydrate, Disodium EDTA dihydrate, Polysorbate 80, Ethanol and water
* Mode of Vaccination - Intramuscular Injection
* Mechanism - Similar to Covishield & Covaxin ( Non - replicating viral vector ), but with a slight change in nature. Unlike the previous two, Sputnik V is made by using 2 different vectors for respective doses.
This is to prevent the loss from Secondary Humoral Immunity after the 1st dose. Secondary Humoral Immunity might be helpful for the body to fight foreign threats but this also dampens the effectivity of 2nd dose if the vector is sameas earlier one. Therefore, a different vector not only brings variation in defending capabilities of the immune system, but also results in no collateral damage.
The two adenovirus strains used are : rAD26-S & rAD5S respectively. ( recombinant Adenovirus )
* No. of doses required - 2
* Time interval between consecutive doses - 3 to 12 weeks
* Efficacy - 91.6%
* Duration of protection from getting re-infecting - Unknown
* Side effects - Injection site pain, swelling and redness
* Price per dose - Rs 996
* Availability in India - Dr. Reddy's is the local distribution partner for Sputnik V
* Additional info - Data of Phase - I & II trials haven't been made out public yet, while Phase - III trials haven't been conducted yet, but its unique mechanism makes it rank high in efficacy rates.
Price might fall down after local supplies begin.
4. Pfizer - BioNTech Vaccine / BNT162b2 / COVID-19 mRNA vaccine ( nucleoside - modified ) :-
* Approved by - Food & Drug Administration ( FDA, Silver Spring, USA )
* Developed & Manufactured by - Biopharmaceutical New Technologies / BioNTech ( Mainz, Germany ) & Pfizer Inc. ( New York City, USA )
* Eligibility Criteria - Person should be of 12 y/o or above
* Who shouldn't get it - Person showing severe allergic response(s) from any of the ingredients after the 1st dose
* Ingredients - ((4-hydroxybutyl) azamediyl) bis (hexane-6,1-diyl) bis (2-hexyldecanoate), 2[(polyethyleneglycol)-2000] N,N-ditetradecylacetamide, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Monobasic Potassium Phosphate, Dibasic Sodium Phosphate dihydrate and sucrose.
* Mode of Vaccination - Intramuscular Injection
* Mechanism - The m-RNA that codes for spike proteins from Sars-Cov-II are extracted and ‘ given via vaccine directly without any viral vector ’ . Rest of the mechanism is same as of Covishield, Covaxin and Sputnik V.
* No. of doses required - 2
* Time interval between consecutive doses - 3 weeks
* Efficacy - 95%
* Duration of protection from getting re-infecting - Unknown
* Side effects - Pain & redness at the site of Injection, lymphadenopathy, rash, hives, itching, fatigue, headache, muscular & joint pain, chills & fever, nausea, diarrhoea, vomitting.
* Price per dose - Rs 1424
* Availability in India - No
* Additional info - Doesn't contain non-vegetarian products, latex and preservatives. It doesn't cause Covid-19.
5. Moderna Vaccine / mRNA-1273 :-
* Approved by - Food & Drug Administration ( FDA, Silver Spring, USA )
* Developed & Manufactured by - Moderna Inc. ( Massachusetts, USA ), US National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases ( USNIA&ID, Maryland, USA ) and The Biomedical Advanced Research & Development Authority ( BAR&DA, Washington DC, USA )
* Eligibility Criteria - Person should be of 12 y/o or above
* Who shouldn't get it - Person showing severe allergic response(s) from any of the ingredients after the 1st dose
* Ingredients - mRNA, SM-102, polyethyleneglycol [ PEG ] 2000, dimyristoylglycerol [ DMG ], cholesterol, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [ DSPC ], tromethamine, tromethamine hydrochloride, acetic acid, sucrose and sodium acetate trihydrate
* Mode of Vaccination - Intramuscular Injection
* Mechanism - Similar to Pfizer - BioNTech Vaccine
* No. of doses required - 2
* Time interval between consecutive doses - 4 weeks
* Efficacy - 94.1%
* Duration of protection from getting re-infecting - Unknown
* Side effects - Pain & redness at the site of Injection, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, headache, muscular & joint pain, chills & fever, nausea, vomitting, hypersensitivity reactions ( anaphylaxis, swelling of face & throat, fast heartbeat, rashes all over the body, dizzyness & weakness ).
* Price per dose - Rs 1827 - Rs 2703
* Availability in India - No
* Additional info - None
6. Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 Vaccine ( The Janssen ) :-
* Approved by - Food & Drug Administration ( FDA, Silver Spring, USA )
* Developed & Manufactured by - Janssen Vaccines ( Leiden, Netherlands ) and its Belgian parent company Janssen Pharmaceuticals, subsidiary of US based Johnson & Johnson.
* Eligibility Criteria - Person should be of 18 y/o or above
* Who shouldn't get it - Person showing severe allergic response(s) from any of the ingredients after the 1st dose
* Ingredients - Citric acid monohydrate, trisodium citrate dihydrate, ethanol, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin [ HBCD ], polysorbate-80 and sodium chloride.
* Mode of Vaccination - Intramuscular Injection
* Mechanism - Similar to Covishield.
* No. of doses required - 1
* Time interval between consecutive doses - No need
* Efficacy - 85%
* Duration of protection from getting re-infecting - Unknown
* Side effects - Pain & redness at the site of Injection, bodyache, shortness of breath, flu like symptoms and ‘ Thrombocytopenia ’ among females between 18 to 49 y/o
* Price per dose - Rs 731
* Availability in India - No
* Additional info - Single dose vaccine.
~ Conclusion - You should get any vaccine which is available to you.
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